Drugs Addiction

Medical science has invented a lot of medicines to heal and cure the diseases. Drugs are also one of these medicines, but the use of any medicine for a long time without specific medical reason is counted as drugs. Although the drugs relax mind according to the medically prescribed quantity, but its use has not proved totally safe in any age. Because its use in high quantity, for a long time and without any medical advice, makes it largely dangerous, affecting the nervous system of its user.

Nowadays, most of the people use drugs without any specific medical reasons. But they might use just to get some extra energy for achieving an impossible goal, hard work or might be for some impossible task. Now the question arises that why people use drugs without any specific medical reasons? They use drugs because, a drug is a substance that when put into the body can change the way the body works. Meanwhile, drug creates some energy in the body, but it proves very dangerous for the body.

Nowadays, there are many different types of drugs, like a “soft drug”, which is not only less addictive, but also considered less harmful to the body. Soft drugs can also be less harmful to society as a whole. Another type is a "hard drug”, which is harshly addictive and considered much more harmful to the body and society in general, as compare to soft drugs.

Another type of drug is “Psychoactive drug”, and these are used to change the feelings, perceptions, thinking level and behavior of a person. When any person uses psychoactive drugs, then it actually brings about a chemical reaction in the brain, causing feelings, thoughts, and perceptions. It affects the thinking level and behavior of the user.

Legal drugs" are another popular type of drugs which can be obtained either by prescription or by over the counter. Legal drugs are 100% approved by law and anyone can use these drugs anywhere, without any hesitation. On the contrary, "Illegal drugs" are entirely opposite and these drugs are also not approved by law for use in the country. Riverside Plastic Surgery

There are basically two types of uses of drugs, licit drug use and illicit drug use. Licit drug use means that a drug is not only used legally, but is also used when there is seriously illness or injury. Use of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine, are called licit use and these over-the-counter drugs are also used as directed. Second type is illicit drug use and it occurs when drugs are used in an illegal manner, i.e. heroin. Illicit drugs are also used for an improper purpose, for example, use of sleeping pills to get high or pain pills for relaxation or sleep.

Slang:

Blue, bluey, Mr Blue, little blue pill.

Chemical name:

Sildenafil citrate.

Background:

Launched by Pfizer in 1998, Viagra is a prescription drug used to help men with erection difficulties (known as impotence, or erectile disfunction). Taken in pill form, it works by promoting the flow of blood to the penis during arousal. It is not an aphrodisiac. It won't just give you wood; you need to be turned on for the drug to be effective.

The effects:

• Simple alternative to other impotence treatments (such as injections, vacuum flasks and penile implants - which can be off-putting for obvious reasons);
• Helps impotent males achieve harder erections for longer durations;
• Taken as a single pill, with effects kicking in 30 minutes later;
• Enables user to get hard any time for up to four hours (with sexual stimulation).

The risks:

• Some users report temporary side effects, ranging from headaches to flushed skin, stomach upsets, blurred vision and muscle ache. See your GP if problems persist;
• Viagra relaxes the muscles in blood vessels, thus increasing blood flow potential. This means it isn't recommended for impotence sufferers with cardiovascular problems;
• Combining drugs is always dangerous. Using Viagra with other nitrate drugs such as poppers is especially risky as it can lower blood pressure to dangerous levels.

If you're planning to take this drug:

Be aware that physical impotence tends to affect older males. Men in their teens or twenties who can't get it up may find the cause is psychological, such as stress or performance anxiety. This means if there's no physical problem, Viagra won't make a difference.

Some recreational drugs are known to have erection-killing properties, such as cocaine and speed, while ecstasy users may feel loved up but unable to perform. It is not advisable to take Viagra to counter such effects as the drugs may have a conflicting impact on body-temperature control, heart rate and blood pressure.

The law:

• Viagra can only be obtained legally in the UK by prescription from your GP;
• The drug is widely available on the internet to import from other countries. As soon as it reaches the UK, however, it becomes illegal;
• UK law prohibits possession of unprescribed Viagra, or possession with intent to supply.

Similar prescription drugs:

Viagra is the first - and most well-known - impotence treatment in pill form, but other brands are emerging on the market such as Cialis and Levitra.

What are anabolic steroids?

There are many different types of anabolic steroids, but all of them mimic the effects of testosterone to varying degrees. These days anabolic steroids aren't used much in medicine, but can be used occasionally to treat some forms of anaemia and AIDS-related wasting. Try not to confuse them with corticosteroids, which are used to help a number of medical conditions such as asthma and eczema. Some bodybuilders take anabolic steroids, as do some regular gym-goers, to increase the size of their muscles and because they believe the drugs can help increase their stamina and strength.

They often come in pill form, or as liquid which is injected into a muscle. Taking a number of different steroids (and other substances) at the same time is known as 'stacking'. Users stack because of the different effects different steroids are said to have, and they believe that taking two or more kinds will produce different effects.

What else are steroids known as?

Steroid slang is pretty straight forward, with 'roids' being the most popular alternative name. There are many different trade names; commonly used anabolic steroids include Sustanon, Dianabol, Deca-Durabolin and Winstrol.

What kind of effects do they have?

• 
  Some users claim steroids make them feel more aggressive and able to train harder.
• If combined with regular exercise and correct nutrition, they can help build up muscle. However, it's not certain steroids actually improve muscle power and athletic performance.
• Users also claim that steroids may also reduce the recovery time needed after heavy training.

And what are the risks?

• 
  Unwanted side effects associated with steroid use can include acne, irritability and aggressiveness ('roid rage'), accelerated hair loss and changes in sex drive.
• In women steroids have a masculinising effect and can cause growth of facial and body hair, baldness, voice deepening, shrinking breasts, enlargement of the clitoris and disruption of the menstrual cycle.
• For men the risks include erection problems, breast growth, shrinking testicles, reduced sperm levels and possible, if temporary, sterility. Some of these side-effects, such as breast growth, can be irreversible without surgery.
• Using steroids may also damage the heart, liver and kidneys.
• Young people taking steroids may find their growth stunted.
• Sharing needles, syringes or multi-dose vials places users at risk of infection from HIV and hepatitis.
• Bacterial infections are possible from contaminated drugs and poor hygiene practices whilst injecting.

Steroids and the law:

• 
  Steroids can only be obtained legally with a doctor's prescription from a pharmacist.
• Possession without prescription isn't illegal for personal use. Supplying steroids, even if you are just giving them to a friend, is against the law and carries up to 14 years imprisonment or an unlimited fine.

If you are planning on taking steroids:

• 
  Think about why you are intending to use. Can you achieve the gains you want through other mean? Have you discussed your training and nutrition with an experienced weight training instructor?
• Steroid users should be taking them in cycles of no more than 12 weeks at a time, with an 'off cycle' of about the same. Try and keep the length of your 'on cycle' down though, your body will thank you for taking time out to let it recover.
• Many steroids are counterfeit. Counterfeits can be very sophisticated, so there's almost no way of telling if drugs obtained through illegal channels are real or not. Hold it up to the light, counterfeits may be cloudy or contain bits. If in doubt, chuck them out.
• Always use sterile injecting equipment. Never share needles, syringes or vials. Never inject steroids into a vein - this has the potential to be fatal.

AKA:

Glue sniffing, glues, aerosols, gases, thinners, volatile substances and tolly.

Background:

Solvents can be found in household items such as lighter gas refills, fuel canisters, aerosol cans (for example: hairspray, deodorants or air fresheners), tins or tubes of glue, paints, thinners, and correcting fluids. The vapours are sniffed or breathed into the lungs.

The effects:

• The experience of solvent inhalation is like being intensely drunk for a short period of time;
• Breathing and heart rate are depressed, and feeling of unreality kicks in;
• Users may feel thick-headed, dizzy, giggly, and dreamy;
• Some feel nauseous and may vomit. With larger doses, users may hallucinate;
• The effects last between 15 to 45 minutes;
• Headaches or feelings of drowsiness are common after-effects.

The risks:

• Abusing gases, aerosols or glue can kill, even on the first go;
• Sniffing solvents reduces breathing and heart rate and can cause damage to the nasal membrane;
• Spraying solvents down the throat may lead to instant death;
• Users risk suffocation if inhaling solvents from a plastic bag over the head;
• Users (when high) are more prone to accidents because their senses are affected;
• Long-term abuse can damage the brain, liver and kidneys;
• Repeated use of leaded petrol can cause lead poisoning;
• Sniffing gases, glues, or aerosols kills one person every week.

The law:

It is illegal to supply solvents to persons under the age of 18 if they know, or suspect, that the product is intended for abuse.

If you're planning to get high on solvents:

• Accidental death or injury can happen - steer clear of unsafe environments such as a canal or river bank, on a roof or near a busy road or train line.
• Sniffing to the point of becoming unconscious also risks death through choking on vomit. Try to be around people who are straight and can help if things go wrong.
• Avoid any method of use that obstructs breathing (such as an sniffing with a plastic bag over the head) as death from suffocation may result.

Slang:

Laughing gas, hippy crack, cartridges, whippets, nos.

Background:

Nitrous oxide is a colourless, slightly sweet-smelling gas with a short-acting disorienting effect. The gas is most commonly used as an anaesthetic in dentistry and a propellant in the food industry (e.g. in whipping cream). Nitrous oxide can be breathed through a mask, cone, or more commonly, a balloon.

The effects:

• Giddiness;
• A floating sensation;
• A pain-free state;
• An overwhelming desire to laugh;
• Some people experience mild auditory or visual hallucinations.

The immediate effects after the initial stimulation include:

• Nausea;
• Sleepiness;
• Lack of co-ordination;
• Loss of appetite;
• Headache.

The risks:

• As nitrous oxide affects motor control, you are likely to fall over soon after inhaling it. It's best to sit down when you are inhaling it to avoid a serious fall;
• The gas should not be inhaled for more than 30 seconds as this can lead to the risk of suffocation;
• Inhaling nitrous oxide directly from the canister can cause frostbite of the nose, lips and vocal chords. Because of the anaesthetic effects of the gas, you may not realise there is any injury until the effects of the gas have worn off;
• Continued use of nitrous oxide can interfere with the function of vitamin B12, which is essential in maintaining a healthy nervous system.

The law:

Nitrous oxide is classed under the Medicines Act, which means that it can be sold if the seller has a special licence. There is currently no offence for possession of nitrous oxide. However, there may be legal implications if nitrous oxide is sold to minors.

If you, or your friends, are planning on taking nitrous oxide:

• Remember that if someone using nitrous oxide becomes unconscious (on any drug including alcohol) they need medical attention immediately;
• If you are going to take nitrous oxide be sure that you use medical or 'food grade' nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is also used in motoring and this grade of gas is toxic and should therefore be avoided;
• Don't confuse nitrous oxide with nitric oxide, which is extremely poisonous;
• Remember that, mixing nitrous oxide with any other drug (including alcohol) can lead to highly unpredictable effects.

AKA:

Acid, sugar, trips, tabs, sid, Bart Simpsons, blotter, micro dots, liquid, Lucy, stars, lightening flash, paper mushrooms, rainbows, flash and hawk.

Background:

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic drug that is usually sold on tiny squares of paper, often with a picture on one side. The picture says nothing about the likely effect or strength of the drug. Microdots and dots come in the form of very small tablets.

The effects:

• LSD can have a powerful, often unpredictable effect on the mind;
• It can take up to one hour to kick in;
• The effects are commonly known as a 'trip', and may last for eight to 12 hours. Much depends on the strength of the drug, the user's mood, their location and surroundings;
• Users may experience their surroundings in a very different way, including the distortion of objects, movement, vision and hearing;
• Hallucinations are common;
• On rare occasions users experience flashbacks of past 'trips' for a long time afterwards. Users experience different trips every time.

The risks:

• Once the trip starts, there's no way of stopping it until the effects subside;
• Bad trips can be terrifying, and seem very real;
• Dizziness, disorientation, fear, paranoia, and panic may arise;
• The likelihood of a bad trip will increase when users are in a bad mood, anxious, nervous, uncomfortable or have a history of mental problems;
• A bad trip can make users feel very threatened and shaken for a long time afterwards;
• Accidents may happen while users are hallucinating;
• LSD can complicate existing psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia.

The law:

• LSD and other hallucinogens are Class A drugs.
• It is illegal to reproduce, supply or possess these drugs except under a special office licence.
• It is also an offence to allow premises to be used for production or supply.

If you're planning on taking LSD:

• Hallucinogens can enhance and amplify existing feelings. Even so, being in a good mood does not guarantee a good trip.
• If you're with a friend who's having a bad LSD experience you can help simply being there with them as a steadying influence. Remind them they've used LSD (they might have forgotten), and that they are tripping. Help them to talk if they want to, but don't constantly question them as a bad trip can leave users sensitive to feelings of paranoia. If possible, change your environment to encourage a sense of calm - for example, play some less frantic music or step outside if you're in a crowded club.

AKA:

Smack, skag, H, horse, junk, brown, gear and China white.

Background:

Heroin is a painkilling drug made from morphine, which is derived from the opium poppy. Morphine, codeine, and synthetic opiates (i.e. pethidine, dipipanone, and methadone) are sometimes prescribed by GPs in the treatment of addiction to opiates such as heroin. Heroin is a brownish-white powder, which users snort, smoke, or prepare for injection.

The effects:

• In small doses, heroin gives users a profound sense of warmth and wellbeing;
• Some first time users may experience nausea or vomiting, especially after injecting;
• Larger doses can lead to drowsiness;
• Heroin in excessive doses can result in overdose or coma. It can also be fatal.

The risks:

• Heroin is a very addictive drug;
• Many users may find their habit spirals out of control;
• Tolerance develops, which means the user needs more heroin to get the same effect;
• Many users who start out smoking heroin turn to injecting for a more intense hit;
Sharing needles when injecting heroin leaves users at risk of dangerous infections like HIV, hepatitis and gangrene;
• It can be very difficult to withdraw from heroin;
• Users trying to kick the habit may experience a period of diarrhoea, insomnia, vomiting, hot and cold sweats, and cramps. This is known as 'cold turkey';
• While many people give up heroin successfully, mentally it can take years to be free.

The law:

• Heroin, morphine, opium, methadone, dipapanone, and pethidine are Class A drugs;
• Possession and supply is illegal, and penalties high;
• Codeine and dihydrocodeine (DF 118) are Class B drugs. Both drugs become Class A when prepared for injection.

If you're planning on taking heroin:

As a rule, never share needles. Sharing equipment just isn't worth the risk. Clean works are available free from local needle exchanges and some pharmacies.

Most of us have seen 'safe legal highs' on sale in magazines, at festivals, or over the internet. But how legal are they, and are they really totally safe?

Ayahuasca (AKA dead man's vine, yage)

A vine native to the Amazon basin. Active components are alkaloids.
Highs: Mental clouding, hallucinations with colourful visions.
Lows: Trembling and sweating shortly after taking this drug. Individual sensitivity is very variable, large doses may depress the central nervous system.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Widely available in health food shops.

Damiana

Leaves from a shrub found throughout Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies.
Highs: Higher doses of damiana may induce a mild sense of euphoria, lasting around on hour. Some users claim it is an aphrodisiac.
Lows: Higher intakes may cause diarrhoea, harsh on lungs if smoked.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act but the Medicines Act states that possession is permitted for personal use only.

Datura (AKA thorn apple, devil's apple, stinkweed)

The leaves and flowers of a plant that grows wild India, Mexico and the United States. Active ingredients are hyoscine and atropine.
Highs: Euphoria, visual distortion, hallucinations and sleep. Intoxication can last from a few hours to many days. Hallucinogenic effects are only achieved at near-fatal dosage levels.
Lows: Prolonged use can severely damage the heart, and cause amnesia, confusion and sluggishness. Smoking datura can cause blacking out and severe headaches.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act but the Medicines Act states that possession is permitted for personal use only.

Guarana

A berry that grows in Venezuela and the north of Brazil. Contains guaranine, a substance similar to caffeine.
Highs: A mild stimulant that quickens responses and delays sleep.
Lows: Unsuitable for those with heart problems or high blood pressure, may cause 'jittery' feelings and irritability.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Widely available in health food shops.

Mitragyna speciosa (AKA Kratom)

A tree native to Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Malaysia. Its leaves can be used as a stimulant or sedative depending on the dose taken.
Highs: Initially induces alertness, increased physical and sexual energy and the desire to interact with others. Taken in high doses it lowers senses of physical and emotional pain. Effects can last for up to six hours. Lows: Itching, sweating, and nausea.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act.

Nutmeg

Found on the evergreen trees in Southeast Asia and Australasia. It's used as a cooking ingredient, but is also a mild hallucinogen.
Highs: In high doses (5-20g) it induces visual distortions and euphoria.
Lows: As well as its unpleasant taste, dizziness, constipation, headaches, panic attacks and nausea are all side affects. Large quantities (over 25g) can cause nutmeg poisoning and may have longer lasting physiological drawbacks. Effects can last for up to three days after consumption.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Widely available in most supermarkets.

Salvia divinorum (AKA Mexican magic mint, holy sage)

A soft-leaved Mexican plant, containing psychoactive chemicals that have yet to be identified.
Highs: Strong effects can be difficult to attain from smoking dried leaf, but can cause short-lived colourful hallucinations, lasting up to two hours.
Lows: Some people also experience headaches and mild irritability following salvia use. May trigger latent psychological and mental problems.
The law: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act but the Medicines Act states that possession is permitted for personal use only.

Wormwood

The herb with a spicy, bitter taste that gives absinthe its unique kick. Contains thujones, chemicals that act on the same brain receptors as cannabis.
Highs: Narcotic-like effects, vivid dreams.
Lows: Wormwood contains a toxin that taken in high quantities can bring on tremors, convulsions, sleeplessness, miscarriage, paralysis, stomach problems, and brain damage.
The law: Absinthe was never formally banned in the UK, but was outlawed in many other countries.

Yohimbe

The bark and roots of a tree that grows in Cameroon, Gabon and Zaire.
Highs: Stimulant, mild hallucinogen, and also reputed to be an aphrodisiac by some users. Effects last from two to four hours.
Lows: Side effects include racing heart rate, irritability, headache, nausea, sweating, dizziness and frequent urination. May be dangerous if mixed with anti-depressants, sedatives, antihistamines, or amphetamines. Anyone with a heart condition, kidney disease, glaucoma or history of gastric or duodenal ulcers should avoid this herb.
Legal: Not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act but the Medicines Act states that possession is permitted for personal use only.

This acid-like designer drug is becoming increasingly prevalent in Britain's clubs. Know the facts about foxy.

AKA:

Foxy Methoxy, 5-MeO-DIPT, fake ecstasy.

Background:

Foxy is a synthetic drug with hallucinogenic properties. It belongs to a group of chemical compounds called tryptamines. This group also includes psilocybin and psilocyn, both of which occur naturally in magic mushrooms. Foxy comes in capsule form, as well as a powder or tablet. In tablet form it is sometimes passed off as ecstasy.

The effects:

• Foxy is a hallucinogen and often distorts the way users see, hear and perceive their surroundings;
• Effects can include hallucinations and a sense of euphoria. Effects depend on the strength of the drug, the user's mood, their location and surroundings. This means a good trip is not guaranteed;
• Some users may experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea;
• High doses can mean experiencing a similar effect to LSD;
• The effects of Foxy reportedly last 3 - 6 hours, based on a dose of 6-10mg.

The risks

• Bad trips can be terrifying, and seem very real. Dizziness, disorientation, fear, paranoia, and panic may arise during a bad trip;
• The likelihood of a bad trip will increase when users are in a bad mood, anxious, nervous, uncomfortable or have a history of mental health issues;
• Foxy can complicate existing psychological issues such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia;
• With lowered inhibitions, users are at an increased risk of accidents as well as unprotected sexual activity. (It won't guarantee sex, of course, but it might mean forgetting to use condoms);
• Foxy is relatively new to UK recreational drug culture, and so the long-term risks are not entirely known.

The law

• Foxy and other hallucinogens are Class A drugs;
• It is illegal to supply or possess this drug.

If you are planning on taking this drug

• As foxy is a dose-dependent drug, users are advised to wait until the effects kick in from taking a small amount before they consider taking any more;
• Avoid taking foxy if you're feeling at all unsettled or uncomfortable with your surroundings. It can have a negative impact on any hallucinatory effects;
• Do not mix foxy with alcohol or other drugs.

Slang:

Herbal Fuel, Chi Powder, Zest.

Background:

Ephedrine is an ingredient used in certain over-the-counter medications (mostly nasal drops) to treat congestion and asthma. It's a stimulant, extracted from an Asiatic shrub called Ma Huang, and is often found in herbal ecstasy products such as Cloud 9 and Nirvana Plus. It acts on the central nervous system. Reports suggest an increase in recreational misuse, in which the drug is sold as pills and is taken orally (by mouth).

The effects:

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure;
• Dilates the bronchioles in the lungs, making breathing easier;
• Users report feeling more alert and focused, with stimulating effects on the body, such as shivers down the spine and sensitive skin.

The risks:

• At high doses, users can experience anxiety, heart palpitations, vomiting, tremors and insomnia;
• Medium risk of overdose. Low dependency risk;
• Long-term recreational misuse has been linked to strokes and heart attack;
• Reports of undesirable side-effects are widespread;
• The US Food and Drug Administration has banned the sale of ephedra in dieting supplements after studies showed the substance raises blood pressure and stresses the heart.

The law:

• Ephedrine is not currently classified as a controlled substance under the Misuse of Drugs Act, so no penalties apply for possession or use of small amounts;
• Selling ephedrine as an unlicensed preparation would risk prosecution under the Medicines Act;
• The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Authority (MHRA) is currently investigating ephedrine-based products. A consultation is underway, with proposals to change the legal status of ephedrine from pharmacy (medicines that may be sold by a pharmacist without prescription) to prescription only, with a restriction in pack size.

If you are planning to take this drug:

Think about the risks before using without medical supervision, especially anyone with a heart condition or diabetes.

AKA:

E, pills, doves, XTC, disco biscuits, Bruce Lee's, echoes, hug drug, burgers, Smarties, magic beans, Mitsubishis, Rolexes, dolphins, snow ball, callies, eccies, little fellas, dids and yokes.

Background:

Ecstasy is made up of a mixture of drugs, including a synthetic drug called methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and is classed as a hallucinogenic amphetamine.

It's usually white in colour, but comes in tablets of different shapes, and sizes. Some have pictures or logos stamped on them. Different ecstasy tablets contain different amounts of MDMA, if any at all. This has a huge influence on the nature and strength of the effects.

The effects:

• Users take the drug to enhance feelings of empathy with other people and increase sensitivity to their surroundings;
• Sound, colour and emotions can seem much more intense;
• The energy buzz from ecstasy means users may dance for hours;
• The effects usually take about half an hour to kick in;
• The effects tend to last three to six hours, followed by a gradual comedown.

The risks:

• As the drug kicks in, users may experience an initial rush of nervousness, and uncertainty, a tightening of the jaw, increase heart rate, sweating, and nausea. This is sometimes known as 'coming up';
• Some users have reported a bad experience on ecstasy, including feelings of paranoia and confusion;
• Much depends on the content of the drug and the user's state of mind at the time.
• Ecstasy effects the body's natural thermostat. Dancing for long periods in a hot pace such as a club increases the chances of users overheating and/or dehydrating;
• Drinking too much can be dangerous or even fatal. Ecstasy can cause the body to release a hormone that prevents the production of urine, so if you drink a lot too quickly, it interferes with your body's salt balance which can be just as deadly as not drinking enough water;
Taking ecstasy may leave women susceptible to cystitis and thrush;
• Men report difficulties in attaining an erection or orgasm while on ecstasy;
• After the effects have subsided, users can feel tired and depressed for days;
• There is some debate into to the long term psychological effects of ecstasy use, including links to possible brain damage;
• There may be other ingredients in an E that could produce unexpected and negative side effects;
• Anyone with a heart condition, blood pressure problems, epilepsy or asthma can have a dangerous reaction to the drug;
• There have been over 200 ecstasy-related deaths in the UK over the last 15 years.

The law:

• Ecstasy is a Class A drug;
• It is illegal to reproduce, supply, or possess the drug.

If you're planning to take ecstasy:

• To avoid overheating and dehydration - especially when dancing - users should take regular breaks and sip about a pint of non-alcoholic fluid such as fruit juice or isotonic sports drinks over the course of each hour;
• Be aware that not all ecstasy tablets contain MDMA, and the effects may be unexpected;
• Do not mix alcohol with ecstasy or other drugs

Related terms

• Coming up/ rushing - on the verge of feeling the effect on an E;
• Loved up - feeling the full empathic effects on an E and feeling enormous affection for everyone around you;
• Peaking - feeling the full effects of an E, usually a couple of hours after ingestion;
• Sketchy - confused speech and having trouble thinking clearly as you come up on ecstasy.

Slang:

Dimitri

Chemical name:

Dimethyltryptamine, Methoxydimethyltryptamine

Background:

DMT is a powerful hallucinogen, originally sourced from Amazonian plants but now produced synthetically. It is one of a number of drugs known as short-acting tryptamines. Its sister, 5-Meo-DMT is up to 10 times more powerful. Either drug has quick and very intense hallucinogenic effects. DMT comes in crystalline form and is usually smoked from a pipe or bong in very small doses.

The effects:

• People who smoke DMT have described feeling rapidly propelled into an intense alternate reality;
• The primary effects last between 15 and 20 minutes, with a cooling off period of a couple of hours before returning to normal;
• Users have described seeing the face of god to various experiences from visiting other worlds to having conversations with aliens;
• There is an abrupt return to reality and most users will experience disorientation when they come round.

The risks:

• It's not uncommon for those who take large amounts of DMT to suffer psychological and emotional difficulties for weeks afterwards;
• The smoke of DMT can cause throat and lung irritation;
• Integration of the trip into daily life can cause anxiety, difficulty focusing on daily tasks, preoccupation with the experience, and insomnia.

If you are planning on taking this drug:

• If you haven't tripped before, or even if you have, it is best to be in the presence of people you know, and in a safe environment like your living room rather than at a festival;
• If you are in the midst of emotional or psychological upheaval it is advisable not to take DMT as you risk a bad trip in which you may experience overwhelming hallucinations, anxiety, and fear;
• Those with a family history of psychological problems are at risk of triggering such conditions in themselves;
• Most individuals taking DMT do so with a partner, to take hold of the pipe once the experience begins. It is impossible to stand up, talk, move or do anything once the trip starts, until you come down;
• DMT can cause your heart rate and blood pressure to increase suddenly, so those with heart problems or high blood pressure should give this drug a wide berth;
• Mixing DMT with other drugs is NOT advised. It is an overwhelmingly powerful drug, and most users report that one or two trips is enough for them. Mixing stimulants with this drug should also be avoided, because of the additional (potentially lethal) strain it puts on your heart.

The law:

DMT is Class A under the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act. This means it is illegal to produce, supply or possess in any form. Maximum penalty for possession is seven years in jail.

Slang:

Tina, meth, ice, tweak, glass, Christine, cristy, quartz, ice cream, crank, go fast, fire and yaba.

Background:

Crystal meth (crystal methamphetamine) is a powerful stimulant that, even in small doses, can cause insomnia, increased physical activity and decreased appetite. It is a member of the amphetamine family of drugs that also includes speed. Crystal meth usually comes in ice-like crystal chunks or in a coarse powdered form. It's made from a highly volatile combination of substances, which can include household cleaning products. It can be smoked, eaten, snorted or injected and the effects can last anywhere from two to 20 hours. Crystal meth started out as a drug used primarily by the gay community but is now slowly entering the mainstream in the UK.

Short-term effects:

• Sharpened attention
• Increased libido
• Euphoria
• Insomnia
• Increased activity
• Loss of appetite
• Increased heart rate/breathing
• Paranoia
• Aggressiveness
• Anxiety
• Dry mouth

Long-term effects:

• Mood disturbance
• Dependence
• Extreme weight loss
• Severe insomnia
• Hallucinations
• Psychosis
• Stroke

The risks:

• The greatest risk of the drug is the increased chance of contracting HIV and other STIs from unprotected sex while under the influence. The drug has the effect of dramatically reducing inhibitions and can produce a feeling of invincibility. This, combined with the effect of massively increasing the sex drive, can mean that safe sex is forgotten and sexual activity is greatly increased;
• The effects and chances of becoming dependant on crystal meth are similar to that of speed but as crystal is much stronger, the risks of overdose are greater;
• Taking crystal meth can cause irreversible damage to the immune system
  
• Some people have died after taking small doses of the drug.

The law:

Crystal meth is a Class A drug. It is illegal to produce, supply, or possess. It is also illegal to allow premises to be used for supplying or producing crystal meth.

If you're planning to take crystal meth:

• Don't mix your drugs.The greatest danger to your health is from mixing crystal meth with cocaine or ecstasy. The first is an unlikely combination because they have such similar effects. This pairing brings a danger of increased toxicity and strain on the heart;
• Mixing crystal meth with ecstasy puts extra strain on the heart and you will be at risk of over-heating. Mixing crystal meth with Viagra is also very dangerous;
• As crystal meth decreases inhibitions and increases the sex drive, safe sex can become an after-thought. It is essential to stay safe during sex so always carry -and use- condoms. In the US almost half the new cases of HIV infection have crystal meth as a factor;
• Don't take too much. It is possible to overdose on crystal meth, which can lead to permanent damage or death;
• If you are using crystal meth over long periods of time you are advised to take multi-vitamin and calcium supplements, as well as keeping a check on your body weight;
• Avoid injecting crystal meth. This can damage your body and sharing needles can pass on diseases such as HIV;
• If you have schizophrenic tendencies there are real dangers that even the mildest use of crystal meth could push you over the edge.

Slang:

Stone, wash, rock, pebbles, base and freebase.

Background:

Crack is a smokeable form of freebase cocaine. It is much purer and more concentrated than soluble cocaine, and the body absorbs it at a faster rate.

The effects:

• The effects are similar to cocaine (feelings of wellbeing, mental exhilaration and euphoria). The hit is more intense, but quickly fades. The high can last as little as 10 minutes, followed immediately by a 'coming down' period;
• Anxiety, paranoia, depression, and often the inability to sleep can occur during a come down period, plus a restless craving for more. This can encourage users to repeat the dose in order to maintain the effect;
• Other effects can also include tremors, muscle twitching, rapid pulse, nausea, anxiety, loss of confidence, high blood pressure, cold sweats, and mood changes.

The risks:

• Smoking crack carries a risk of lung damage;
• Users can develop a strong psychological dependence, often taking more to deal with the comedown;
• A crack habit can quickly get of out control;
• High risk of overdose, since it's absorbed so quickly at such high levels. Without treatment, overdose can cause convulsions, or even death.

The law:

Crack cocaine is a Class A drug. Under the Misuse of Drugs Act, it is illegal for a premises (private or public) to be used for the preparation or supply of cocaine. It's illegal for an individual to possess or supply crack or cocaine. Maximum penalties are seven years for possession and life imprisonment for supply.

If you are planning to take this drug:

Keep track of the amount used as tolerance builds up. The more you take to get the same effect, so the risk increases of a hit your body may be unable to handle.

AKA:

Marijuana, grass, skunk, wacky backy, draw, blow, weed, puff, hash, ganja, spliff, dope, gear, pot, solids, green, herb, puff and bush.

Background:

Cannabis is the most widely-used illegal drug in the UK. It comes in different forms and is made from different parts of the cannabis plant. It comes in a solid dark lump commonly known as 'resin' or 'hash'; dried leaves, stalks and seeds called 'grass'; and also a brown or black sticky oil. Cannabis can be rolled with tobacco in a spliff or joint, smoked on its own in a special pipe or eaten.

There are different strengths of cannabis - in particular, 'skunk' is the generic name often used to describe a potent form of the cannabis plant. In fact, skunk is only one of 100 or so varieties of cannabis plant which have high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC is the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis.

The effects:

• Getting 'stoned' on cannabis makes most users relaxed, talkative and sometimes giggly;
• Heightens the senses, especially when it comes to colours, taste, and music;
• Cooking and eating hash makes the effects more intense and harder to control;
• Can also leave people feeling tired and lacking energy;
• May bring on cravings (AKA 'the munchies') for certain food.

The risks:

• Affects short-term memory and ability to concentrate well;
• Getting 'stoned' affects co-ordination, increasing the risk of accidents;
• Impairs driving skills, so never get in a car with someone who is stoned;
• It can make users paranoid and anxious, depending on their mood and situation;
• Smoking cannabis over a long period of time may increase the risk of respiratory disorders, including lung cancer;
• Many regular users find cannabis hard to quit;
• There is some evidence to suggest a link between cannabis and psychotic illness.

The law:

• Currently cannabis is a Class B, having been upgraded from a Class C drug.
• In England and Wales, the first time you are caught in possession of cannabis you'll usually be given a warning. The second time, you will be issued a fixed penalty notice of £80. After that, you will probably have to go to court. The maximum penalty for possession is five years in prison.
• No such warnings exist in Scotland or Northern Ireland and offences are referred straight to the courts, although prosecutors still have discretion not to prosecute someone who is reported to them by the police.
• If you're caught growing cannabis in your home you will be arrested and prosecuted. You may also be charged with 'intent to supply', which carries the same penalties as dealing (a maximum of 14 years in prison).
• Blatant smoking in public may also lead to arrest.

If you're planning to take cannabis:

• High doses can cause mild hallucinations and sensory distortions;
• Mixing alcohol with a high dose of cannabis may cause nausea and vomiting;
• Heavy use of cannabis over a long period of time can lead to users relying on the drug as a way of relaxing or being sociable.

Related terms:

• Airfix - a suggestion from an impatient smoker to another that he has been in possession of the joint too long, as if it were stuck to his fingers with glue;
• Caned - how you feel if you've been smoking too much. This can also refer to the finishing of a joint;
• Monged - the result of several hours of steady smoking, characterised by inability to move from the sofa;
• Munchies - intense bursts of hunger after smoking weed, usually resulting in a trip to the 24 hour shop for crisps and chocolate;
• Whitey - refers to the pale skin and unconscious mental state of someone who has smoked too much dope.

The effects:

• In moderate doses (150-250mg) caffeine counters drowsiness, and fatigue;
• It can help prevent boredom and tiredness interfering with performance on manual and mental tasks;
• Larger doses can sometimes impair performance. There may also be increased levels of alertness and anxiety;
• Can increase heart rate and blood pressure, even breathing.

The risks:

• Consuming 500-600mg of caffeine per day (roughly seven cups of instant coffee) is considered excessive, and can have adverse effects;
• Increases sensitivity and sensor, disturbances (ringing in the ears or light flushes);
• Insomnia, muscle tremor, nausea, and diarrhoea may result;
• Caffeine can aggravate high blood pressure and ulcers
• Largely psychological dependence may arise in cases of heavy, long-term use;
• Tolerance can develop, while cutting out regular intakes of caffeine can lead to users feeling less alert, more drowsy and irritable;
• Regular drinkers may feel fatigued if they miss out coffee from their usual routine. Death from overdose is possible, but would take 100 cups of coffee;
• Researchers at the University of Washington found that combining large quantities of caffeine and paracetamol together may increase the risk of liver damage. One to be aware of next time you go for the coffee and pills hangover cure;
• If you are concerned about any of the above, consult your doctor (GP).

The law:

Caffeinated drinks and caffeine pills (such as ProPlus) are sold without restriction.

Background:

BZP is a synthetic stimulant drug with the chemical name 1-benzylpiperazine. It was originally used as a worming treatment for animals. PEP pills contain a blend of BZP and other less potent chemicals from the piperazine family. It has gained a reputation, and some controversy, as a safe alternative to speed, methamphetamine and ecstasy.

BZP is banned in some countries, including the USA and parts of Australia. In New Zealand, the drug laws have been amended to recognise BZP as a 'low-risk substance'.

The effects:

• Loss of appetite, increased heart rate, tingling skin and flushing are often experienced as the effects of the drug kick in;
• 50-200 mg doses can lead to a sense of euphoria and increased alertness;
• Sense of taste, sound and colour may be enhanced;
• Such effects can last between four to eight hours, depending on the amount taken, the user's mood, metabolism and environment.

The risks:

• Users report an inability to sleep for as long as 10 hours after the effects have subsided;
• Can leave users with symptoms similar to a hangover, such as headache, fatigue, reduced appetite and nausea;
• Possibility of slight memory loss;
• Tolerance develops. This means the user increasingly needs more to get the same effect;
• Medical experts have warned that taking BZP can overstimulate the brain, causing anxiety and convulsions in some cases.

The law:

In the UK, any product containing piperazine - a component of BZP - must be classified as a prescription-only medicine. This also means a license is required for manufacture and supply. Selling it as a party drug or advertising it as such is illegal. At present, a loophole in the law allows BZP to be sold as a soil fertiliser. The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) says the net is closing on UK piperazine distributors.

If you're planning to take this drug:

BZP is often talked about as a 'safe' drug. However, criticism has been voiced at the fact that rigorous clinical and animal trials have not been undertaken. In effect, this means it is not possible to say the drug is entirely safe.

Background:

Barbiturates were once commonly prescribed by doctors as sleeping pills. Fatal accidents due to misuse led to their demand being largely replaced by tranquillisers. Usually available in tablet form, or as ampoules, suppositories or syrup.

The effects:

• Barbiturates have a strong sedative effect. They work by depressing the central nervous system.
• In small doses barbiturates help people relax.
• Larger doses can give rise to a drunken feeling (slurred speech, clumsiness, and unconsciousness).

The risks:

• Tolerance can quickly develop, which means regular users need more to get the effects they want.
• There is serious risk of overdose. This can kill.
• Mixing barbiturates with even small amounts of alcohol, heroin or tranquillisers can also be fatal.
• Repeated use can lead to psychological and physical dependency.
• Withdrawal from barbiturates can be difficult. Symptoms include irritability, nervousness, inability to sleep, nausea, and even convulsions.
• Sudden withdrawal from high doses can be fatal.
• Injecting is the most dangerous form of taking barbiturates.
• Heavy users are also liable to bronchitis and pneumonia (because the cough reflex is suppressed) as well as hypothermia.

The law:

Barbiturates are a Class B drug, which are only legally available on prescription.

If you are planning on taking barbituates:

• You place yourself at greater risk of accidents, either to yourself or other people.
• There is a high risk of overdose because the lethal dose is quite close to the 'normal' dose level. 10 tablets may be fatal and this risk is greater if barbiturate use is combined with use of other downer drugs such as alcohol, heroin or tranquillisers.

Background:

Speed is the most popular name for amphetamine, which is a chemical compound that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. Its chemical structure closely resembles the body's own chemical transmitter norepinephrine, which plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response to stress and excitement.

There are three main pharmaceutical classes of amphetamine (the common brand names are in brackets): laevo or dl-amphetamine (Benzedrine), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and methylamphetamine (Methedrine). The latter is also known as crystal meth and, weight-for-weight, is the most potent of the three.

The most common street speed is amphetamine sulphate, which contains equal amounts of laevo-amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. It comes as a grey, dirty-white or pinkish powder which is snorted, rubbed on the gums, dissolved in liquid for injection or drinking, or swallowed in pill form. A 'speedbomb' consists of speed wrapped in Rizlas, which is then swallowed.

It's the most impure illegal drug available in the UK - it can be heavily cut with paracetamol, baby milk, talcum powder or other substances, so it's unlikely you'll know exactly what you're taking. Base speed - which is pinkish-grey and feels like putty - is purer.

The effects:

• Amphetamine is a stimulant. It quickens the heartbeat and breathing rate;
• The user becomes a lot more lively, confident and outgoing;
• They may become more talkative, and experience tension in the jaw;
• Greater responsiveness to the outside world;
• Appetite may completely disappear, but in no way does it fulfil the body's nourishment needs.

The risks:

• Some users become tense and anxious while on amphetamines;
• The comedown can last for a couple of days, leaving users feeling tired, depressed and irritable;
• In the short term, memory and concentration are affected;
• Tolerance for amphetamines can build quickly, so bigger doses are required for the same sort of hit;
• Long-term users may become dependent on the buzz speed gives them;
• Heavy abuse over long periods can also place a serious strain on the heart and has been linked to mental illnesses such as psychosis;
• Heavy use can put a strain on your immune system, so you may be more susceptible to colds and flu;
• Amphetamine users have died from overdose.

The law:

Amphetamines are Class B drugs, but carry Class A penalties if prepared for injection. Crystal meth is a Class A drug.

If you're planning on taking amphetamines:

• The greatest danger to your health is from mixing amphetamines with cocaine or ecstasy. The first is an unlikely combination because they have such similar effects. This pairing brings a danger of increased toxicity and strain on the heart;
• Mixing with ecstasy puts extra strain on the heart and you will be at risk of over-heating;
• It is possible to overdose on amphetamines, which can lead to permanent damage or death;
• If you are using amphetamines over long periods of time you are advised to take multi- vitamin and calcium supplements, as well as keeping a check on your body weight;
• Avoid injecting speed. This can damage your body and sharing needles can pass on diseases such as HIV;
• If you have schizophrenic tendencies there are real dangers that even the mildest use of speed could push you over the edge.

Background:

Alcohol is produced by fermenting fruits, vegetables or grains. It is found in drinks like beer, lager, wine, alcopops, cider, and spirits such as whiskey or gin. Alcoholic drinks range in strength and are measured as a percentage (%) per volume. The higher the percentage, the stronger the effect.

The effects:

• Over 90% of the adult population enjoy a drink. For most people, alcohol has a relaxing effect and helps them feel more sociable;
• It can become a problem for some when they drink as a way of blotting out difficult or troubling issues in their lives;
• In increasing quantities, speech can become slurred, co-ordination affected and emotions heightened;
• The intensity of the effects depends on the strength of the alcoholic drink, plus the rate and amount consumed;
• Other factors that influence the effects of alcohol include the weight of the drinker, their mood and surroundings and how recently they ate;
• Hangovers make you feel ill for a period of time, usually hours but sometimes even for days.

The risks:

• Alcohol is a depressant drug. If you're feeling down, it will make you feel worse;
• A regular, long term drinking habit can lead to physical as well as psychological dependency;
• Tolerance can develop, which means you need more to get the same effect;
• A long term, heavy drinking habit may cause serious damage to internal organs. It can also cause skin problems, trembling (the shakes), obesity, brain damage, mood swings and personality changes;
• Getting very drunk can lead to loss of consciousness. Users then have a slight risk of choking to death on their own vomit;
• Drinking too much can lead to alcohol poisoning. This can kill, although it is fairly rare.

The law:

It is illegal to sell alcohol to anyone under 18 (unless they're 16-17 and eating a meal in a restaurant). The legal limit for driving in the UK is 80mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood. The number of drinks it takes to reach this level varies from person to person. Safety experts advise people not to drink at all if they are going to drive.

If you are planning on drinking:

• Men who drink more than half to two pints of beer or three glasses of wine a day run the risk of serious health problems;
• Women should not exceed a pint or a couple of glasses of wine per day;
• Mixing alcohol with other drugs is seriously dangerous. This is because drink serves to slow down the nervous system (controlling heart and breathing rate). Combined with other depressant drugs, it could see the body shut down altogether.

Background:

Cocaine is a white, flaky powder obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. It is odourless, soluble, and has powerful stimulant properties similar to those of amphetamines.

The most common method of taking cocaine involves sniffing or snorting a small amount (usually called a 'line') up the nose through a small tube (often a rolled-up banknote or straw). The drug is then absorbed into the blood via the nasal membrane. Cocaine can also be heated and the fumes inhaled. In soluble form, cocaine can be injected.

Other forms of cocaine:

Freebase cocaine is cocaine without its water-soluble component or 'base'. A chemical treatment is used to draw out the 'pure' cocaine from many of the impurities, increasing the impact of the effects when smoked. Crack is a form of freebase cocaine made by heating cocaine hydrochloride with baking soda or ammonia in water. Speedball is the term given for an injectable and dangerous mixture of soluble cocaine and heroin.

The effects:

• Cocaine produces feelings of wellbeing, mental exhilaration, and euphoria;
• The sensations often last between 15-30 minutes followed immediately by a 'coming down' period;
• Anxiety, paranoia, depression, and often the inability to sleep can occur during the come down period, thus encouraging users to repeat the dose in order to maintain the effect;
• Other effects can include tremors, muscle twitching, rapid pulse, nausea, anxiety, confidence, high blood pressure, cold sweats, and mood changes.

The risks:

• Chronic sneezing, frequent nosebleeds, and nasal congestion can be a consequence of snorting cocaine;
• Repeated snorting can cause serious damage to the membranes lining the nose and the structure separating the nostrils;
• The mucous membranes may become so irritated and inflamed that sores develop inside the nostrils;
• After a heavy session, users can feel like they've got a bad cold;
• For women who are pregnant, cocaine can cause bleeding, miscarriage and an increased risk of stillbirth;
• Users can develop a strong psychological dependence to cocaine, often taking more to deal with the comedown;
• Overdose is possible, and even fatal in some cases.

The law:

Cocaine in all forms is a Class A drug. It is illegal to produce, supply, or possess. It is also illegal to allow premises to be used for supplying or producing cocaine.

If you're planning to take cocaine:

• Keep track of the amount used as tolerance quickly builds up. The more you take to get the same effect, so the risk increases of a hit your body may be unable to handle.
• If injecting, use new needles to reduce the risk of HIV or hepatitis infection.

Considerations

Much depends on:

• The drug and the quantity taken;
• The mental and physical health of the user;
• Their mood and expectations;
• Where they are and who they're with at the time.

However, some drugs work in similar ways, and can be divided into broad categories:

Stimulants

Drugs which act on the central nervous system and increase brain activity. i.e. cocaine, speed, poppers, anabolic steroids, ecstasy and tobacco.

Depressants

Drugs which act on the central nervous system and slow down brain activity. i.e. alcohol, tranquillisers and solvents.

Hallucinogens

Drugs which act on the mind, distorting the way users see and hear things, i.e. LSD, magic mushrooms, cannabis and ketamine.

Analgesics

Drugs which have a painkilling effect and which can also bring on feelings of warmth and contentment, i.e. heroin, morphine and opium.

The individual drug information sheets on TheSite.org are intended as a guide to different drugs, their characteristics, effects and dangers. And keep in mind that ignorance is no excuse when it comes to drug laws.